LM World

  REVIEW OF LITERATURE               Literature review shows that no work has been published on the extended release micro capsule of Diltiazem HCL. Some of the published reports of similar work for various medicinal agents are:   v       Samal et al. developed oral sustained release matrix tablets of an antiretroviral drug, zidovudine. Matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using various proportions of hydrophilic polymers like Sodium CMC, HPMC, Eudragit ‐ L155, & Xanthan gum along or in combination with hydrophobic polymer ethyl cellulose.   The release kinetics was analyzed using zero order, first order, Higuchi and Hixson Crowell model. From this study it was concluded that presence of sodium CMC gives zero ‐ order release kinetics and the linearity ranges from 0.990 to 0.996. It has also good drug entrapment efficiency ranging from 96 to 106% of drug. Formulation containing sodium CMC with Xanthan gum and EC gives sustained release for drug more than 12

  OBJECTIVES               The main objective of any drug therapy is to achieve a desire concentration of drug in blood or tissue, which is therapeutically effective and non toxic for an extended period of time. This can be achieved by proper design of sustained release dosage regimen. The microencapsulation is one among these which can be utilized successesfully to design the oral sustained release dosage form 1, 2 .               Lamivudine (Epivir) is used along with other medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection. Lamuvudine (Epivir-HBV) is ued to treat hepatitis B infection. Lamivudine is in a class of medications called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) 3 .               .Lamivudine is a pyrimidene analogue reverse tanscriptase enzyme inhibitors active against HIV virus. It is metabolized to actice triphosphate from by multiple kinase. The triphosphate form completes with deoxycytidine triphosphate for binding reverse transcrip

  CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION               The oral route of drug administration is the most important method of administering drugs for systemic effects. The parenteral route is not routinely used for self administration of medication. The topical route of administration has been newly employed to deliver drugs to the body for systemic effects. It is probable that at least 90% of all drugs used to produce systemic effects are administered by the oral route. When a new drug is discovered, one of the questions is the pharmaceutical company asks is whether or not the drug can be effectively administered for its intended effect by the oral route. If it cannot, the drug is primarily relegated to administration in a hospital setting or physician’s office. Solid oral dosage forms represent that the preferred class of product. The reasons for this preference are well known.            There are numbers of potential limitations associated with conventional per-oral dosage forms 2 . They