LM World

CHEMICAL TEST FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF UNORGANIZED DRUGS Chemical test for  Acacia =Indian gum Organoleptic test: Appearance: Crystalline                                                          agar, acacia Colour: Pale yellow                                                                 acacia Odour: Odourless           ...

ROOT:RAUWOLFIA AIM: To study the histological characters of Rauwolfia Root. Requirements: Chemicals: Chloralhydrate solution, Phloroglucinol solution, conc. HCl, glycerine, Dil. Iodine solution Glasswares: Micro slides, cover slips, compound microscope, watch glass. Crude drugs: Rauwolfia root Description: TS of the root represent a circular outline with typical stratified cork and other secondary features. Following are the tissues seen from the periphery to the center. ROOT: PERIDERM: I)        Cork II)     Phellogen III) Phelloderm ·          Starch grain ·          Calcium oxalate crystal SECONDARY PHLOEM: SECONDRY XYLEM: 1.       Xylem vessel 2.       Xylem fibre 3.       Xylem parenchyma 4.       Med...

STEM:EPHEDRA AIM: To study the histological characters of   Ephedra stem. Requirements: Chemicals: Chloralhydrate solution, Phloroglucinol solution, conc. HCl, glycerine. Glasswares: Micro slides, cover slips, compound microscope, watch glass. Crude drugs: Ephedra stem Description: T.S of the Ephedra shows following important tissues from the periphery to the center. Epidermis: It is outer most layer and is one celled thick. It is covered with thick cuticle. Epidermis is made up of quadrangular cells of parenchyma. Stomata is sunken in nature.   Cortex: 2 to 3 layers of cortical parenchyma appearing like loosely arranged palisade cells containing chloroplast. Group of unlignified fibres appearing like a bunch of grapes occur below the ridges where no palisade like cells are found. Scattered lignified fibres either isolated or in groups of 2 to 4 occur in the inner layers of cortical parenchyma. Calcium oxalate crystals are abunde...

RHIZOME:GINGER AIM:                                                   To identify Ginger rhizome by studying its histological characters. Requirements: Chemicals: Chloralhydrate solution, Phloroglucinol solution, conc. HCl, glycerine, Dil. Iodine solution Glasswares: Micro slides, cover slips, compound microscope, watch glass. Crude drugs: Ginger rhizome Description: A cross section of unpeeled mature rhizome broadly consist of following tissues from the periphery to the center. ·          Cork ·          Cortex ·          Endodermis ·          Gr...

BARK: CASSIA BARK AIM: To study the histological characters of   Cassia bark. Requirements: Chemicals: Chloralhydrate solution, Phloroglucinol solution, conc. HCl, glycerine. Glasswares: Micro slides, cover slips, compound microscope, watch glass. Crude drug: Cassia bark Description: TS of the cassia is broadly described into Periderm, Cortex, a band of sclerenchyma and secondary phloem. Epidermis and cork are completely absent. Periderm: cork - Few layers of which the outer one are with thin walls and the inner ones are lignified and thick walled. Phellogen and phelloderm can not be distinguished either from each other or from the cork. Cortex: It consists of 10 to 15 layers of parenchyma in which sclerides are scattered isolated or in groups. Each scleride is rectangular and pitted with thickened inner and radial walls. Some of the parenchymatous cells contains minute acicular raphides and abundant starch. Sclerenchymatous band or Ston...

     LEAF: DATURA AIM: To study the histological characters of   Datura leaf. Requirements: Chemicals: Chloralhydrate solution, Phloroglucinol solution, conc. HCl, glycerine. Glasswares: Micro slides, cover slips, compound microscope, watch glass. Description: TS of Datura leaf is devided in to 02 regions 1. Lamina region 2. Midrib region 1.LAMINA REGION Upper epidermis: The upper epidermis is covered with a smooth cuticle It has single layered cells rectangular with cuticularized outer walls. Upper eoidermis has number of stomata and trichomes. Stomata: Anisocytic or cruciferous type of stomata is present, in which 3 subsidiary cells surrounds 2 guard cells, in which one of the subsidiary cell nis smaller than the other two. Trichomes: Both covering and glandular trichomes are seen. Covering trichomes are uniseriate, multicellular, warty and blunt at the apex. Covering trichomes have 3 to 5 celled uniseriate stalk wher...