SLUDGE PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL

-


The main objective of wastewater treatment is to reduce the pollution load on receiving waters.  The treatment processes concentrate some of the impurities in a sludge along with the microbial excess biomass.  Water treatment also produces a sludge from the chemical coagulation and separation of impurities.  The treatment and disposal of these sludges should be considered as an integral part of the treatment process.  The treatment processes should be regarded therefore as a low-solids stream (effluent or drinking water) and a high-solids stream (sludge).

It should be appreciated that the sludges consist mainly of water and that dewatering is the first and most important requirement in sludge processing.  The cost of treating the sludges, particularly for wastewaters, is a major component of the total cost of treatment, and the effects of the final disposal methods and return flows from sludge treatment can have significant implications for the preceding processes.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Chemical test for Tragacanth

-
Chemical test for Tragacanth Organoleptic test: Appearance: Crystalline                                                          tragacanth Colour: White or faint yellow                                                 tragacanth Odour: None                                                                           tragacanth Taste: Mucilaginous                                                                tragacanth Solubility: Insoluble in alcohol, partially soluble in water      tragacanth Chemical test: SI.No. Test Observation Inference 1. To 4ml of 0.5%w/v solution add  0.5ml of HCl and heat for 30minutes on water bath Divide the hydrolyzed product in 2 parts a)       1 st part=Add 1.5ml of NaOH solution to neutralize and add Fehling’s solution A and B in equal quantities(mixed before) and warm over water bath. b)       2 nd part= Add barium chloride solution Red ppt o
Read more

MINOR DISORDERS OF NEW BORN AND ITS MANAGEMENT - NURSING ASSIGNMENT

-
INTRODUCTION         Neonatal health problems are frequently found ranging from minor physical or physiological peculiarities to the serious life threatening illnesses. Minor problems should not be ignored lightly without adequate assessment of the conditions. Early diagnosis and management of the serious problems help to overcome life long disability and to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. Nurses are responsible to manage the minor problems and to detect the serious problems for early and prompt management along with appropriate nursing interventions and support to the mother. MINOR DISORDERS OF NEW BORN 1. VOMITING         Vomiting is one of the common manifestations in the neonates. Regurgitation after feeds should not be confused with vomiting. Mucus vomiting often hinged with blood is quite common soon after birth. It is due to irritation often gastric mucosa by the swallowed materials during birth. Causes: ·         Dietic ·         Over feeding
Read more

KANGAROO CARE - NURSING ASSIGNMENT

-
INTRODUCTION         Caring low birth weight baby is a great challenge for the neonatal care unit and the family. Number of low birth weighs baby is still for beyond the expected target in our country. The cost of the quality management of these babies is increasing day by day. Kangaroo care is low cost approach for the care of low birth weight baby. This method of care was introduced and popularized by Dr.Edger Ray, Dr.Martinez and Dr.Charpak in late 1970s. DEFINITION         Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a special way of caring low birth weight infants by skin to skin contact if promotes their health and welling by effective thermal control, breast feeding and bonding. KMC is initiated in hospital and continued at home. COMPONENTS OF KMC         In KMC, the infant is continuously kept in skin contact by the mother and breastfed exclusively to the utmost extent.         The two components of KMC are; 1.    Skin to skin contact is provi
Read more