APPLICATION OF SINGLE PHASE MATRIX CONVERTER TOPOLOGY TO AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER
SUPPLY CIRCUIT

CONTENTS

•       INTRODUCTION

–MATRIX CONVERTER

–IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF MATRIX CONVERTER

–ADVANTAGES

–DISADVANTAGES

•       LITERATURE SURVEY

–PROBLEM STATEMENT

•       SINGLE PHASE MATRIX CONVERTER AND ITS DETAILS

•       BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS EXPLANATION

•       HARDWARE DESIGN AND ITS EXPLANATION

•       EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND RESULTS

•       CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

•       REFERENCES

•       PAPER PRESENTED IN NATIONAL CONFERENCE HELD ON 3^RD AND 4^TH MAY 2014 AT BHALKI, THE SAME IS PUBLISHED IN IJRET,      VOL-03, SPECIAL ISSUE 03, MAY-2014.

 

INTRODUCTION

•       Matrix converter topology was first described in 1976 by GYUGYI

 

•       Matrix converter in the three-phase circuit variant is widely researched while the single phase matrix converter (SPMC) has very little attention offering very wide application.

 

•       The proposed technique presents the single phase matrix converter topology that will operate as an inverter and controlled rectifier in which inverter transforms a DC input into an AC output using the well known sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique offering a reverse power flow by suitable switching schemes, performing as a controlled rectifier.

MATRIX CONVERTER

•       Matrix converter is defined as an array of controlled semiconductor switches that directly connect each input phase to an each output phase without any intermediate dc link.

 

•       Matrix converter requires a bidirectional switch capable of blocking voltage and conducting currents in both directions.

 

•       Other name of matrix converter is PWM cyclo converter.

 

•       Matrix converter topology is used for universal power conversion such as: AC-DC, DC-AC, DC-DC, and AC-AC without any change of topology.

IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF MATRIX CONVERTER

·      Matrix Converter is a simple and compact power circuit.

 

·      Generation of load voltage with arbitrary amplitude and frequency.

 

·      Operation with unity power factor control.

 

·      Regeneration capability

 

·      Matrix converter is also capable of rectifying, inverting and chopping.

ADVANTAGES

•       Natural bi-directional transfer of energy.

 

•       A wide control band of output voltage frequency.

 

•       Good input power quality.

 

·      Potentiality of increasing power density.

 

·      Reducing size and cost.

DISADVANTAGES

·      Degradation of energy may cause for malfunctioning of the equipment.

 

·      Sensitivity to the disturbances of the input voltage systems.

 

•       Commutation problem is an important practical issue to be considered in the employment of Matrix Converter.

LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] Jose Rodriguez, Fellow, IEEE, Marco Rivera, Member, IEEE, Johan W.Kolar, Fellow, IEEE, and Patrick W.Wheeler, Member, IEEE. “A Review of Control and Modulation Methods for Matrix Converter”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Application, Vol.59, No.1, January 2012.

 

•       This paper presents a review of the most popular control and modulation strategies studied for matrix converters.

 

•       The purpose of most of these methods is to generate sinusoidal current on the input and output sides.

 

•       In this literature survey the most relevant control strategies for matrix converters gives an assessment in terms of performance and complexity.

 

[2] Gennadiy Zinoview, Leonid Zotov, “Matrix Converter with Voltage Transfer Ratio Greater than One”, Journal of International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, The High Tatras, Slovakia, 28-30, September, 2011.

 

•       This paper presents that the matrix converter are widely used in an configuration where the output voltage is lesser or greater than input voltage.

 

•       They describe circuits and methods for increasing the voltage transfer ratio of single stage (direct) and double stage (indirect) matrix converters onto values greater than one.

 

•       The review for increasing the voltage transfer ratio of one-unit (direct) and two-unit (indirect) matrix converters is given in this paper.

 

[3] R.Dhivya, V.J.Sudhakar and R.Thilepa, “Single Phase Matrix Converter as a Frequency Changer with Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation using MATLAB”, International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Vol.4, November, 2011.

 

•       This paper presents work on modelling and simulation of single phase matrix converter (SPMC) as a frequency changer modulated by the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) subjected to passive load condition.

 

•       The model was implemented using MATLAB/Simulink with the sim power system block set.

 

•       Safe commutation strategy was implemented to solve switching transients with sample verification on results.

 

•       The output voltage was synthesized using the well known sinusoidal pulse width modulation with the IGBT as power switching devices.

 

[4] G.N.Surya, Prof.S.Dutt, Dr.Valssonvarghese, “Matrix Converter – A Modular Approach to Design a Converter Suitable for Variable Frequency Power Supply Application”, Lokavishkar International – Journal, Vol.1, Jan-Feb.2012.

 

•       The basic aim of this paper revolves around the development of a converter useful for frequency changing power supply applications.

 

•       This approach gives the present study is limited only upto the development of matrix converter model by means of which input frequency can be converted to any desired frequency using number of simple bidirectional switches.

 

•       In this paper the idea of the frequency conversion or modulation techniques are discussed.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

            After studying the literature survey it has been observed that a brief review of the research work done by the various researchers have the following common problem.

 

·      Eliminating the loss of energy involved in two stage conversion i.e. AC-DC-AC.

·      Voltage drop is high

·      They are bulky in hardware and have the minimum load capacity.

 

            In order to overcome all these problems, a new topology called single phase matrix converter topology is presented in my work. So in my work a single phase matrix converter topology to the uninterruptible power supply circuit is developed.

SINGLE PHASE MATRIX CONVERTER AND ITS DETAILS

 

•       The single phase matrix converter was first realized by Zuckerberger.

 

•       The single phase matrix converter requires 4-bidirectional switches as shown in Fig.1.

 

•       Each capable of conducting current in both directions, blocking forward and reverse voltages.

 

•       The various building blocks to the development of a new Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) circuit are developed centred on the use of single phase matrix converter.

 

•       Apart from battery charging functions, the controlled rectifier is developed to perform as a unity power factor controller that may also incorporate active power filter operation.

 

 

 

•       Critical loads such as data storage and computer systems, life support equipments, process equipment controllers, telecommunications equipment and emergency systems require continuous operation when there is a power failure.

 

•       In matrix converter associated problems such as poor overall power factor, heating effects, device malfunction and destruction of other equipment caused by nonlinear loads will be reduced.

 

•       Therefore the demand for high quality and availability of power supply has shown an upward increase in recent years.

 

•       This trend reflects in the increase use of uninterruptible power supply to provide uninterrupted and reliable power supply with the provisions of unity supply power factor.

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS EXPLANATION

 

            Fig.2 shows the block diagram of the complete proposed single phase matrix converter topology in an uninterruptible power supply circuit. It consists of following blocks.

 

•       12 V DC Battery

•       DC to AC Stepup Transformer

•       230 AC to DC Bridge Rectifier

•       DC to AC H-Bridge Inverter

•       AT89S52 Microcontroller

•       Isolation and Gate Drive Circuit

•       LC-Filter

 

 

Working of the Block Diagram

 

•       The working of the above block diagram initially starts from 12V DC battery which is given to the DC to AC Boost Converter.

 

•       The step up transformer (AC-AC) is used to produce an output voltage. (230V) greater than the source (12V).

 

•       The microcontroller AT89S52 has an input coming from 12V DC battery. 

 

•       A gate drive is mainly used to amplify the firing pulses which are produced in the microcontroller.

 

•       The H-bridge inverter is used to converter DC voltage to AC voltage.

 

•       Finally, the LC filters are used to remove the unwanted frequency components from the signal to enhance the wanted ones.

 

HARDWARE DESIGN AND ITS DEVELOPMENT

           

            The details of the design of each components with ratings is as follows:

 

•       6.1 Design of the DC to AC and Stepup Transformer

 

•       6.2 Design of the H-bridge Inverter

 

•       6.3 Design of AT89S52 Connecting Diagram

 

•       6.4 Design of Driver Circuit

 

•       6.5 Design of LC Filter

 

•      Design of the DC to AC and Stepup Transformer

 

•       IRF540 power MOSFETs

 

•       Here 12V dc battery which is sealed lead acid battery of 7Ah is given to the DC to AC and Stepup Transformer.

 

•       IC CD4047 is a astable multivibrator with free running operating modes.

 

•       Here potentiometer is a 3-pin pot which is used as a variable resistor of 1kW for varying frequency.

 

 

Selection of Power MOSFETs (IRF-540)

 

•       The selection of power MOSFETs is done on the basis of voltage, current and load ratings which is 300 watts.

 

•       In this work, I have selected fairchilds IRF-540 MOSFETs. It has the following voltage and current ratings.

 

     Voltage Rating                     :           100V

     Current Rating                     :           28A

 

•      Design of H-Bridge Inverter

 

•       H-bridge inverter is used to convert DC voltage to AC voltage which consists of four MOSFETs, along with the snubber circuit.

 

•       The selection of MOSFETs in H-bridge inverter is done on the basis of voltage, current and power rating of the load

 

     The maximum reverse voltage, which is same as dc voltage is given by,

 

 

 

Design of Snubber Circuit

 

•       Most semiconductor switching devices contains certain weak features in their construction.

 

•       The rapid application of voltage to a device can cause the device to trigger  spuriously, or to turn on partially.

 

•       This malfunction can damage not only the control circuit of the switches but also the source or load or both.

 

•       When such rapid and excess surges are anticipated, then voltage snubbers are to be employed.

 

     In the present design, RCD type of snubber is used. The RCD snubber is as shown below:

 

 

Where,

•       V₀ = Open Circuit Voltage

•       R_s = Snubber Resistance

•       C_s = Snubber Capacitance

Selection of resistor value is done by using following relations;

 

Connecting diagram of IC AT89S52

 

•       In this work, I have selected AT89S52 microcontroller which is used to generate the required signal.

 

•       The AT89S52 is one of the most popular microcontroller and the advance version of the 8051 microcontroller which consists of 40 pins.

 

•       Here 9-pins of pull-up resistors are connected to the AT89S52 which is used for active high purpose.

 

•       The two ICs 74LS245 which is port drivers are used for driving currents.

 

•       In this work, I have selected IC Max232 because it operates from single +5V power supply, low - power receiver mode in shutdown, multiple drives and receiver and open line detection.

 

Optocoupler and Driver Circuit

 

•       Driver circuit is used mainly to amplify the firing pulses which are produced in the microcontroller.

 

•       The single phase H-bridge inverter in the main circuit contains four MOSFETs. Hence, four gate pulses are required to turn on the MOSFET, which are generated by the control circuit.

 

•       In hardware design of gate drive circuit, four TLP250 optocoupler are required, to isolate between high voltage of the H-bridge inverter and low voltage of the microcontroller.

 

Design of LC Filters

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND RESULTS

•       The developed hardware is setup and tested on single phase, 230V, 50Hz AC supply on load of 300 watts.

 

•       By observing experimental results, it can be seen that the single phase matrix converter to an uninterruptible power supply circuit given different loads.

•       Also it can be seen that the output voltage of the matrix converter in which the output voltage is decreases and the output current is increases for each separate load.

 

 

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

•       The Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) topology has been presented to operate on an uninterruptible power supply circuit.

 

•       A single circuit is developed to perform both the rectifier and inverter operation which may also incorporate active power filter operation.

 

•       The proposed single phase matrix converter topology uses MOSFETs as the switching devices.

 

•       The matrix converter has several advantages over traditional  rectifier inverter type power frequency converters.

 

•       The developed single phase matrix converter has been verified with prominent results for different loads, in which load is varied from 100 W upto 300W.

REFERENCES

[1] Jose Rodriguez, Fellow, IEEE, Marco Rivera, Member, IEEE, Johan W.Kolar, Fellow, IEEE, and Patrick W.Wheeler, Member, IEEE. “A Review of Control and Modulation Methods for Matrix Converter”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Application, Vol.59, No.1, January 2012.

 

[2] Gennadiy Zinoview, Leonid Zotov, “Matrix Converter with Voltage Transfer Ratio Greater than One”, Journal of International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, The High Tatras, Slovakia, 28-30, September,              2011.

 

[3] R.Dhivya, V.J.Sudhakar and R.Thilepa, “Single Phase Matrix Converter as a Frequency Changer with Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation using MATLAB”, International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Vol.4, November, 2011.

 

[4] G.N.Surya, Prof.S.Dutt, Dr.Valssonvarghese, “Matrix Converter – A Modular Approach to Design a Converter Suitable for Variable Frequency Power                Supply Application”, Lokavishkar International – Journal, Vol.1, Jan- Feb.2012.

 

[5] Venturini M., “A New Sine Wave in Sine Wave Out, Conversion Technique Which Eliminates Reactive Elements,” Proceedings Powercon 7, pp.E3_l-E3_l5, 1980.

[6] Gyugyi,L and Pelly,B.R, “Static Power Chargers, Theory, Performance and Application,” John Wiley & Son mc, 1976

[7] Oyama, J., Higuchi, T., Yamada, E., Koga, T., and Lipo, T., “New Control Strategies f6r Matrix Converter,” IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf. Rec., 1989, pp. 360-367

 

[8]           Sobczyk, T., “Numerical Study of Control Strategies for Frequency Conversion                with a Matrix Converter,” Proceedings of Conference on Power Electronics and              Motion Control, Warsaw, Poland, 1994, pp. 497-502.

 

[9]           Cho, J.G., and Cho, G.H, “Soft-switched Matrix Converter for High Frequency direct AC-to-AC Power Conversion,” mt. J. Electron., 1992, 72, (4), pp. 669-680.

 

[10]         Zuckerberger, A., Weinstock, D., Alexandrovitz A., “Single-phase Matrix         Converter,” lEE Proc. Electric Power App, Vol.144(4), Jul 1997 pp. 235-240

 

[11]         Hosseini, S.H.; Babaei, E, “A new generalized direct matrix converter,” Industrial             Electronics, 2001. Proc. ISlE 2001. Vol(2) , 2001 ppl071- 1076

 

[12]         Abdollah Koei & Subbaraya Yuvarajan, “Single- Phase AC-AC Converter Using              Power Masfet’s,” IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 35, No.3,               August 1988 pp442-443

 

[13]         Zahiruddin Idris, Mustafar Kamal Hamzah & Ahmad Maliki Omar     “Implementation of Single-harmonic content of line current: design considerations, TEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 145, No.6, November 1998.

 

[14]         W. Edward Reid, “Power Quality Issues Standards and Guidelines”, IEEE Pulp and          Industry Technical Conference, Jun 1994.

 

 

[15]         Zahiruddin Idris, Siti Zaliha Mohammad Noor & Mustafar Kamal Hamzah,       “Safe Commutation Strategy in Single Phase Matrix Converter”, IEEE Sixth    International Conference PEDS 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

[16]         Firdaus, S., Ilamzah, M.K.,” Modelling and simulation of a single-phase AC-AC               matrix converter using SPWM,”, Student Conference on Research and            Development 16-17 July 2002, SCOReD2002., pp286-289.

 

[17]         Wheeler, P.W., Clare, J.C., Empringham, L., Bland, M., Kerris, K.G., “Matrix   converters,” IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, Vol. 10 (1), Jan-Feb2004, pp.   59—65.

 

[18]         Phase Matrix Converter as a Direct AC-AC Converter Synthesized Using          Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation with Passive Load Condition”, IEEE Sixth    International Conference PEDS 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

 

[19]         Siti Zaliha Mohammad Noor, Mustafar Kamal Hamzah & Ahmad Farid Abidin,                “Modelling and Simulation of a DC Chopper Using Single Phase Matrix               Converter Topology” IEEE Sixth International Conference PEDS 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia R. Blundell, L. Kupka, S. Spiteri, AC-DC converter with unity          power factor and minimum

 

PAPER PUBLISHED

•       The outcome of the dissertation work is presented in the form of the paper at the National Conference on Recent Innovation in Engineering & Technology (NCRIET-2014) which was held at Bhalki, Karnataka on 3^rd and 4^th May, 2014 in Bheemanna Khandre Institute of Technology, Bhalki.