POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

-
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME

            Polycystic ovarian syndromes affect 5-10% of all premenopausal women and young girls. Puberty, polycystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic syndrome and exposure to gestational diabetes are all linked to insulin resistant.
            PCOS is considered a sex specific form of metabolic syndrome. It consists of oligo/anovulation and signs of hyperandrogenism and hyperandrogenemia. Insulin resistance is an integral components of the syndrome and is present in overweight and normal weight women with PCOS. Obese adolescents with PCOS have 50% lower in vivo insulin sensitivity compared with equally obese control girls of similar body composition and abdominal adiposity. Further more the higher prevalence of IGT (~30%) and type II diabetes (3-5%) in adolescents with PCOS appears to be due to impaired insulin secretion in IGT compared with normal glucose tolerance. Therefore it is not unreasonable to screen these high risk obese PCOS adolescents for the presence of IGT and type II diabetes, or to screen obese girls with type II diabetes for possibility of PCOS.
            This syndrome is a clinical description of hirsute women with hyperprolactenemia, amenorrhea, galactorrhea and polycystic ovaries, acanthosis nigricans is a characteristics clinical features. There is insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia as well as an increased risk of developing type II diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease – most of the key features of metabolic syndrome. The defect in both IR and insulin secretion probably explains the increased risk diabetes in PCOS. Metformin induced weight loss could be a reflection of its insulin sparing and lipid lowering effects. Metformin has been found to be extremely useful in PCOS. It facilitates normal menstruation and successful pregnancy. It reduces hyperinsulinemia, IR systolic BP and hyperandrogenemia. Anovulatory women with PCOS have higher LH level. A patient is overweight screening of OGTT should be done.
CONCLUSION:
            More than 25% of obese women with PCOS develop impaired GTT or overt DM by the age of 30 years.
REFERENCE:

            RSSDI Text Book of Diabetes Mellitus

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Chemical test for Tragacanth

-
Chemical test for Tragacanth Organoleptic test: Appearance: Crystalline                                                          tragacanth Colour: White or faint yellow                                                 tragacanth Odour: None                                                                           tragacanth Taste: Mucilaginous                                                                tragacanth Solubility: Insoluble in alcohol, partially soluble in water      tragacanth Chemical test: SI.No. Test Observation Inference 1. To 4ml of 0.5%w/v solution add  0.5ml of HCl and heat for 30minutes on water bath Divide the hydrolyzed product in 2 parts a)       1 st part=Add 1.5ml of NaOH solution to neutralize and add Fehling’s solution A and B in equal quantities(mixed before) and warm over water bath. b)       2 nd part= Add barium chloride solution Red ppt o
Read more

MINOR DISORDERS OF NEW BORN AND ITS MANAGEMENT - NURSING ASSIGNMENT

-
INTRODUCTION         Neonatal health problems are frequently found ranging from minor physical or physiological peculiarities to the serious life threatening illnesses. Minor problems should not be ignored lightly without adequate assessment of the conditions. Early diagnosis and management of the serious problems help to overcome life long disability and to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. Nurses are responsible to manage the minor problems and to detect the serious problems for early and prompt management along with appropriate nursing interventions and support to the mother. MINOR DISORDERS OF NEW BORN 1. VOMITING         Vomiting is one of the common manifestations in the neonates. Regurgitation after feeds should not be confused with vomiting. Mucus vomiting often hinged with blood is quite common soon after birth. It is due to irritation often gastric mucosa by the swallowed materials during birth. Causes: ·         Dietic ·         Over feeding
Read more

KANGAROO CARE - NURSING ASSIGNMENT

-
INTRODUCTION         Caring low birth weight baby is a great challenge for the neonatal care unit and the family. Number of low birth weighs baby is still for beyond the expected target in our country. The cost of the quality management of these babies is increasing day by day. Kangaroo care is low cost approach for the care of low birth weight baby. This method of care was introduced and popularized by Dr.Edger Ray, Dr.Martinez and Dr.Charpak in late 1970s. DEFINITION         Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a special way of caring low birth weight infants by skin to skin contact if promotes their health and welling by effective thermal control, breast feeding and bonding. KMC is initiated in hospital and continued at home. COMPONENTS OF KMC         In KMC, the infant is continuously kept in skin contact by the mother and breastfed exclusively to the utmost extent.         The two components of KMC are; 1.    Skin to skin contact is provi
Read more