ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE GEL

EXPT NO: 08                                                                                                            DATE:

ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE GEL

AIM: To prepare and submits 10 ml of Aluminium Hydroxide Gel.

FORMULA:

S. No.	Ingredients	Qty for 100 ml	Qty for ____ ml
1	Diazepam	5 mg
2	Lactose	95 mg
3	Starch Powder	10 mg
4	Starch Paste (10% w/w)	Q.S
5	Magnesium Stearate	1 mg
6	Talc	1 mg

PRINCIPLE:

Aluminium hydroxide gel is an antacid suspension. It is also known as Aluminium hydroxide suspension or Aluminium hydroxide mixture. It is colloidal suspension, hence does not required the use of suspending agent because of the strong affinity that exists between the dispersed phase Aluminium hydroxide and water. As a result there is increase in viscosity and Aluminium hydroxide gel get easily dispersed in water.

Aqueous Aluminium hydroxide antacid suspension tends to thicken as gel during shelf life. This gelling accelerated during storage under warm conditions (30-40° C). This problem can be circumvented by the addition of Sorbitol in concentration from 0.5-7% depending on the concentration of Aluminium hydroxide in suspension.

Aluminium hydroxide has constipating effect; therefore it is normally combined with Magnesium hydroxide, which provides laxative effect in commercial antacid formulations.
The taste of an antacid must be considered for consumers’ acceptance. Sorbitol imparts a cool sweet pleasant taste. The parabens are used as preservatives. Peppermint oil as flavoring agent. Alcohol serves as vehicle. Amaranth solution is added to impart colour to the preparation.

PROCEDURE:

Dissolve methyl paraben, propyl paraben, sodium saccharine, and peppermint oil in alcohol in clean dry vessel. In another beaker take nearly one half of volume of purified water and add Sorbitol solution. Mix well. To this solution add the alcoholic solution and stir well. Add Aluminium hydroxide in small proportions with continuous stirring. Add amaranth solution and mix. The entire product may be passed through a colloidal mill or homogeniser. Transfer to a measuring cylinder; add sufficient purified water to produce required volume. Mix well. Transfer to suitable bottle.

USE: As antacid in peptic ulcers and hyperchiorhydria.

DOSE: 75 ml-15 ml.

pH: 5.5-80.

DIRECTION: Shake well before use.

REFERENCE: Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy – By Libermann & Lachman

EXPT NO: 09                                                                                                            DATE:

EPHEDRINE SYRUP

AIM: To prepare and submits 20 ml of Ephedrine Syrup IP

FORMULA:

S. No.	Ingredients	Qty for 100 ml	Qty for ____ ml
1	Ephedrine Hcl	0.315 g
2	Diphenhydramine Hcl	0.315 g
3	Ammonium Chloride	3.0 g
4	Sodium Citrate	1.2 g
5	Menthol	0.04 g
6	Sodium Benzoate	0.54 g
7	Sodium Saccharine	0.25 g
8	Sugar (Pharma Grade)	0.25 g
9	Sorbitol	10.0 ml
10	Propylene Glycol	10.0 ml
11	Citric Acid	0.5 ml
12	Colored Tartrazine	1.0 ml
13	Spirit of Orange	0.10 ml
14	De-ionized water up to	100 ml

PRINCIPLE:

Expectorants are drugs, which have been proposed to be useful in loosening and liquefying mucous in soothing irritated bronchial mucosa and making cough more productive such agents are brought to affect the respiratory tract in two ways

1.       Reduce the viscosity of bronchial secretion and facilitate elimination so that local Irritations are removed and in effected coughing is alleviated.

2.       Increase the amount of respiratory tract fluid. A demulcent action is executed on mucosal lining thus reducing unproductive cough

Many drugs that are having expectorant activity are believed to act reflexly by irritating the Gastric mucosa, which in turn stimulate the respiratory tract secretion.

Ephedrine expectorant has following ingredients

Ephedrine HCL                                                               as bronchodilator

Diphenhydramine                                                           as anti-histamine

Ammonium chloride                                                        as respiratory stimulant

Sodium citrate                                                               as saline expectorant

Sodium benzoate                                                           as preservative

Menthol and Spirit of orange                                           as flavouring agents

Sodium saccharine and sugar                                          as sweetening agent

Sorbitol and propylene glycol                                           as viscosity modifiers

Tartarazine solution                                                        as colouring agent

Deionized water                                                             as vehicle

PROCEDURE:

Heat 30 ml of de-ionized water to 60°C. Dissolve ephedrine HCI Diphenhydramine HCL, ammonium chloride, sodiumcitrate, citric acid, and sodium benzoate, with constant stirring. Dissolve sugars at 60° C. cool the syrup solution to room temperature. Dissolve menthol in O.3m1 alcohol and mix with propylene glycol. Dissolve the above mix in syrup and mix. Add colouring agent, mix well and make up the volume. Incorporate the spirit of orange and stir well. Fill the product into the container.

STRENGTH: Each 5 ml contains

Ephedrine Hcl                                         - 15 mg.

Ammonium chloride                                - 50 mg.

Menthol                                                 - 2 mg

Diphenhydramine HCL                             - 15 mg

Sodium citrate                                       - 60 mg

Coloured tartrazine                                 - Q. S

Flavored syrup                                       - Q. S

DOSE: As directed by the physician.

USE: In relief of cough, expectorant

STORAGE: Keep the container well closed and away from light

REFERENCE: Textbook of Remington’s pharmaceutical science page 868