Education and inservice education programme are important
INTRODUCTION
New
knowledge is emerging rapidly in the physical, biological, behavioural and
medicinal sciences, which constitute the foundation of nursing. So continuing education and inservice
education programme are important, which help health care personnel to maintain
and improve existing and acquire new competences relevant to the performance of
their responsibilities and update their knowledge with current knowledge.
INSERVICE
EDUCATION
An
inservice education programme is administered by an employer, it is designed to
upgrade the knowledge or skills of employees. Foregi an employer might offer an
inservice programme to inform nurses about the new piece of equipment, specific
isolation practices, or methods of implementing a nurse theorist’s conceptual
framework for nursing.
DEFINITION
Inservice
education is a planned educational experience provided in the job-setting and
closely identified with service in order to help the person to perform more
effectively as a person and as a worker.
It
can be used to consider and solve problems in the institutes, and advance
learning, elicit and analyse and systematize individual ideas for group,
develop the idea of the hospital as another community agency, and struggle to
understand ourselves, other and inherent relationships.
It
is defined on continued programme of education provided by the employing
authority to the position they hold, or to which they will be appointed.
AIMS:
In
service education aims at,
1.
Developing the ability for
efficient working and the capacity for continuous learning, so that one may
adapt to changes and produce profitable services which become an important tool
for the health care of the society and nation at large.
2.
Cost-consciousness of nursing
services in relation to all the programmes.
3.
Proper supply of drugs and
supplies related to nursing services.
4.
Training needs assessment of
nursing personnel related to current changes in the field.
5.
Proper living conditions of
nursing personnel for propped services.
6.
Inservice education is designed
to retrain people, to improve their performance and their communicative
ability.
FACTORS
AFFECTING IN-SERVICE EDUCATION
The
factors affecting in-service education progrmames are
1.
Cost of health care
2.
Manpower
3.
Changes in nursing practice
leads to frequent changes in the programmes and in-service education.
4.
Standards of nursing practice.
5.
Organisation of nursing
departmental planned approaches is regular
APPROACHES
TO IN-SERVICE EDUCATION
1.
Centralised approach
2.
Decentralised approach
3.
Co-ordinated approach
1)
Centralised Approach
The
centralized approach has its origin in the belief that the inservice curriculum
ought to emanate fromand be conducted by nursing personnel in the central
administration of the agency. None of
the learners are consulted or participate in planning learning experiences and
yet are expected to attend an in-service offering.
Advantages:
·
Budget control and evaluation
of the programming are facilitated, when use of resources, people, places and
things are decided.
·
Committees are directed to work
or specific problems identified by administered.
Disadvantages
·
Reducing spontaneous,
interested participation and enthusiasm of learners.
2)
Decentralised approach
Decentralised
in-service education is planned by and conducted for employees of one or more
units. The employees may be expected to keep
administration informed of their activities and possibly consult with
administration when help is wanted, but the employees are expected to develop and
direct their own learning experiences. With
a decentralized approach, control in planning for in-service is a
responsibility of employees.
Advantages:
·
The advantages lie in those
individuals, who work on the same unit and confront problems in common, share
the responsibilities for meeting in-service needs which planning and
implementation of programme.
·
Proper contribution of the
participants
Disadvantages:
·
Lack of leadership
·
Conflicts
·
Inefficiency
·
Less or no budget will be
expected
3. Co-ordinated approach
The
co-ordinated approach is a compromise between the centralized and decentrlaised
patterns in that, while the practicing nurse does nto indeed carry a large
measures of responsibility for the in-service curriculum, the central
administration of nursing personnel.
Co-ordinated approach provides for mutual co-operation and assistance to
central administration and unit personnel in the agency.
Advantages
·
Co-ordination is improved.
·
Duplication is avoided
·
Unit of efforts is maintained.
·
People will tend to lend
support to an effort in which they personally participate or contribute.
Components of In-Service Education
1.
Orientation skills training
programme.
2.
Continuing education programme.
3.
Leadership training.
4.
Management skills development.
5.
Staff development programmes.
1. Orientation skills training
programme.
Orientation
training programme introduces a new employee to these basic aspects of her
job. It has to be given for development
of knowledge and skills.
2. Continuing education programme.
This is a
planned activity directed towards meeting the learning needs of the nurse
following basic nursing education.
3. Leadership training and
management skills development
For the administrators
and the senior personnel, for the persons who possess higher qualifications,
who is having the chances for promotion and the supervisiors, the authorities
will give inservice training to obtain management skills and leadership skills
in order to supervise, the institution to achieve the targets by reaching goals
and preparing the persons to solve their problems if any need arises and to
have smooth environment in their working areas.
4. Management skills development.
To meet the
educational needs of nursing students, there must be provision for regular
staff development programmes.
Components
1.
Orientation
2.
Inservice education
3.
Continuing education includes
self instruction.
4.
Attending short –term courses,
workshops, seminars and presentation of scientific papers.
PLANNING
OF THE PROGRAMME
Planning
is the keystone to the administrative process.
It should be organized according to the need felt by the staff and if
they require certain clarification of the new type of service of the new
nursing techniques for intense domicillary care of the patient suffering from
TB or new method adopted in family planning programme or developing a system of
record.
It
may also be planned according to the desire of administrator or supervisor who
feels that certain new programmes or techniques should be explained to the
staff.
The
medical officer, other members of the health team and all the categories of
nursing staff should include in the planning of inservice education programme.
Steps
in planning process
·
Establishing goals.
·
Deciding specific objectives
consistent with these goals.
·
Determining the course of
action required to meet the specific objectives.
·
Assessing the available
resources for establishing the programme people and finaccial resources of
particular significance.
·
Establishing a workable budget,
appropriate for the programme.
·
Evaluating the results at
stated intervals.
·
Reassessing the goals and
updating the plan periodically.
METHODS
OF DELIVERING INSERVICE EDUCATION
·
Ward teaching
·
Discussion
·
Conferences
·
Seminars
·
Workshops
·
Field trips
CONTINUING
EDUCATION
Continuing
education in nursing consists of systematic learning experience designed to
enlarge the knowledge and skills of the nurses.
DEFINITION
Continuing
education refers to training and education of an individual who had the basic
education which need to improve his / her qualification.
According
to cooper
“Continuing education is all the
learning activities that occurs after an individual has completed his basic
education.”
According
to
“Continuing
education which builds on previous education”
Compared to advanced education
programes, which result in an academic degree. Continuing education courses
tend to be more specific and shorter.
Participants may receive certificates of completion or
specialization. Continuing education are
sponsored by college, universities, health agencies and professional
organizations, and may be conducted in variety of settings.
NEED
FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION
a.
To keep nurses abreast of new
techniques and knowledge.
b.
To help nurses attain expertise
in a specialized area of practice, such as intensive care nursing.
c.
To provide nurses with information
essential to nursing practice, Eg: Knowledge about legal aspects of nursing
d.
For career advancement.
e.
Professional roles are altered
as society changes and as new knowledge and technologies emerge.
f.
The professional forces like
changing function of the nurse, an increasing trend towards specialization,
shortage of specialized nurses, variation in the nature and recency of formal
education preparation and the mobility of the nurse population.
g.
Nurse’s with research aptitudes
and preparation are heeded.
h.
The demand for specialized nursing
service is increasing more rapidly.
i.
It is heeded the horses who
wish to help shape their own dusting hues be aware of the for us at work which
will affect their future roles.
j.
To provide a variety of
continuing hue sing education opportunities of high quality to nurses in both
cad service change.
FUNCTIONS
Ø To
meet the health needs and public expectation
Ø To
develop the practicing abilities of the nurse
Ø Recruitment
function
Ø Recognize
gaps in their knowledge
Ø To
list ability to do final academic study
Ø To
improve the communication between the
participants, faculty, community and health sector
Ø To
list the participants ability to do formal academic study
Ø To
shape or support university educational policies and practices
Ø To
ensure the quality of education
Ø To
grant budget for extension studies
Ø To
maintain academic standards
Ø To
meet educational requirements
PHILOSOPHY
Continuing
nursing education is concerned with the development of the nurse as a person, a
practitioner and a citizen.
Philosophy
is based on values & social change. The thoughtful teacher recognizes that
one’s philosophy of education is always an emerging one, rather than a static
one learning must be a continuous prose through out the life span, not limited
to formal courses of study.
Nursing
is based on knowledge of the physical and psychological functioning of man
within his environment, expanding the dynamic, proliferating fields of operation
is of concur.
COURSES
AVAILVBLE IN
I. Post basic bachelor degree
The programmed
in nursing first began in 1963 at kerala university it is now available in
number of institutions. The nurse should have several years of experience after
completing the basic programme this may be eliminated if basic nursing
education satisfies certain condition, the post certificate degree course taken
form 2 to 2 ½ years for completion.
The
aim of this course is to give broader, general & professional nurse fit to
occupy. Position of leader in nursing.
II)
The master of science in nursing
This
degree was first started in
1.
Medical and surgical nursing
2.
Paediatric Nursing
3.
Obstetric and gynaecological
nursing.
4.
Community health nursing
5.
Psychiatric nursing
6.
mnaternal and child health
nursing.
III.
Post Certificate course
A
number of short post certificate course are available to the nurses who wishes
to specialize with in a clinical area or in administration. Some of these courses are
Ø Ward
management
Ø Public
Health
Ø Psychiatric
nursing
Ø Midwifery
Ø Operating
room techniques and management
Ø Administration
in nursing education and nursing services
IV.
Ph.D Degree
After
the completion of M.Sc course Ph.D can be taken. It is a five year course and after the
completion of the course the individual or candidate will be awarded with
doctorate degree.
CONCLUSION
The
difference between inservice education and continuing education is, inservice
education is a planned education and it is provided in the job setting to
perform his / her job more effectively.
It enable the staff to either make up deficiencies or develop skills or
prepare themselves to take up other responsibilities. Whereas continuing education is the training
and education of an individual who had the basic education which is needed to
improve the qualification and results in an academic degree. It is an extension of opportunities for
reading and study.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] B.T.Basavanthappa.S.
Nursing
Administration
Jaypee
Brothers, Medical publishers, Page.No.511-522.
[2] K.P.NEERAJA’S
Nursing
Education
Jaypee
Brothers, medical Publishers
Page
No.286-288, 296-298.
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