Education and inservice education programme are important

 

INTRODUCTION

 

          New knowledge is emerging rapidly in the physical, biological, behavioural and medicinal sciences, which constitute the foundation of nursing.  So continuing education and inservice education programme are important, which help health care personnel to maintain and improve existing and acquire new competences relevant to the performance of their responsibilities and update their knowledge with current knowledge.


INSERVICE EDUCATION

 

          An inservice education programme is administered by an employer, it is designed to upgrade the knowledge or skills of employees. Foregi an employer might offer an inservice programme to inform nurses about the new piece of equipment, specific isolation practices, or methods of implementing a nurse theorist’s conceptual framework for nursing.

 

DEFINITION

          Inservice education is a planned educational experience provided in the job-setting and closely identified with service in order to help the person to perform more effectively as a person and as a worker.

          It can be used to consider and solve problems in the institutes, and advance learning, elicit and analyse and systematize individual ideas for group, develop the idea of the hospital as another community agency, and struggle to understand ourselves, other and inherent relationships.

          It is defined on continued programme of education provided by the employing authority to the position they hold, or to which they will be appointed.

AIMS:

          In service education aims at,

1.          Developing the ability for efficient working and the capacity for continuous learning, so that one may adapt to changes and produce profitable services which become an important tool for the health care of the society and nation at large.

2.          Cost-consciousness of nursing services in relation to all the programmes.

3.          Proper supply of drugs and supplies related to nursing services.

4.          Training needs assessment of nursing personnel related to current changes in the field.

5.          Proper living conditions of nursing personnel for propped services.

6.          Inservice education is designed to retrain people, to improve their performance and their communicative ability.

 

FACTORS AFFECTING IN-SERVICE EDUCATION

          The factors affecting in-service education progrmames are

1.    Cost of health care

2.    Manpower

3.    Changes in nursing practice leads to frequent changes in the programmes and in-service education.

4.    Standards of nursing practice.

5.    Organisation of nursing departmental planned approaches is regular

 

APPROACHES TO IN-SERVICE EDUCATION

1.    Centralised approach

2.    Decentralised approach

3.    Co-ordinated approach

 

1) Centralised Approach

          The centralized approach has its origin in the belief that the inservice curriculum ought to emanate fromand be conducted by nursing personnel in the central administration of the agency.  None of the learners are consulted or participate in planning learning experiences and yet are expected to attend an in-service offering.

 

Advantages:

·        Budget control and evaluation of the programming are facilitated, when use of resources, people, places and things are decided.

·        Committees are directed to work or specific problems identified by administered.

Disadvantages

·        Reducing spontaneous, interested participation and enthusiasm of learners.

 

2) Decentralised approach

          Decentralised in-service education is planned by and conducted for employees of one or more units.  The employees may be expected to keep administration informed of their activities and possibly consult with administration when help is wanted, but the employees are expected to develop and direct their own learning experiences.  With a decentralized approach, control in planning for in-service is a responsibility of employees.

 

Advantages:

·        The advantages lie in those individuals, who work on the same unit and confront problems in common, share the responsibilities for meeting in-service needs which planning and implementation of programme.

·        Proper contribution of the participants

Disadvantages:

·        Lack of leadership

·        Conflicts

·        Inefficiency

·        Less or no budget will be expected

3.  Co-ordinated approach

          The co-ordinated approach is a compromise between the centralized and decentrlaised patterns in that, while the practicing nurse does nto indeed carry a large measures of responsibility for the in-service curriculum, the central administration of nursing personnel.  Co-ordinated approach provides for mutual co-operation and assistance to central administration and unit personnel in the agency.

 

Advantages

·        Co-ordination is improved.

·        Duplication is avoided

·        Unit of efforts is maintained.

·        People will tend to lend support to an effort in which they personally participate or contribute.

Components of In-Service Education

1.    Orientation skills training programme.

2.    Continuing education programme.

3.    Leadership training.

4.    Management skills development.

5.    Staff development programmes.

 

1.   Orientation skills training programme.

Orientation training programme introduces a new employee to these basic aspects of her job.  It has to be given for development of knowledge and skills.

2.   Continuing education programme.

This is a planned activity directed towards meeting the learning needs of the nurse following basic nursing education.

3.   Leadership training and management skills development

For the administrators and the senior personnel, for the persons who possess higher qualifications, who is having the chances for promotion and the supervisiors, the authorities will give inservice training to obtain management skills and leadership skills in order to supervise, the institution to achieve the targets by reaching goals and preparing the persons to solve their problems if any need arises and to have smooth environment in their working areas.

4.   Management skills development.

To meet the educational needs of nursing students, there must be provision for regular staff development programmes.

Components

1.    Orientation

2.    Inservice education

3.    Continuing education includes self instruction.

4.    Attending short –term courses, workshops, seminars and presentation of scientific papers.

PLANNING OF THE PROGRAMME

          Planning is the keystone to the administrative process.  It should be organized according to the need felt by the staff and if they require certain clarification of the new type of service of the new nursing techniques for intense domicillary care of the patient suffering from TB or new method adopted in family planning programme or developing a system of record.

 

          It may also be planned according to the desire of administrator or supervisor who feels that certain new programmes or techniques should be explained to the staff.

          The medical officer, other members of the health team and all the categories of nursing staff should include in the planning of inservice education programme.

 

Steps in planning process

·        Establishing goals.

·        Deciding specific objectives consistent with these goals.

·        Determining the course of action required to meet the specific objectives.

·        Assessing the available resources for establishing the programme people and finaccial resources of particular significance.

·        Establishing a workable budget, appropriate for the programme.

·        Evaluating the results at stated intervals.

·        Reassessing the goals and updating the plan periodically.

 

 

METHODS OF DELIVERING INSERVICE EDUCATION

·        Ward teaching

·        Discussion

·        Conferences

·        Seminars

·        Workshops

·        Field trips

 

CONTINUING EDUCATION

          Continuing education in nursing consists of systematic learning experience designed to enlarge the knowledge and skills of the nurses.

 

DEFINITION

          Continuing education refers to training and education of an individual who had the basic education which need to improve his / her qualification.

 

According to cooper

        “Continuing education is all the learning activities that occurs after an individual has completed his basic education.”

 


According to Shannon

          “Continuing education which builds on previous education”

        Compared to advanced education programes, which result in an academic degree. Continuing education courses tend to be more specific and shorter.  Participants may receive certificates of completion or specialization.  Continuing education are sponsored by college, universities, health agencies and professional organizations, and may be conducted in variety of settings.

 

NEED FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION

a.    To keep nurses abreast of new techniques and knowledge.

b.    To help nurses attain expertise in a specialized area of practice, such as intensive care nursing.

c.    To provide nurses with information essential to nursing practice, Eg: Knowledge about legal aspects of nursing

d.    For career advancement.

e.    Professional roles are altered as society changes and as new knowledge and technologies emerge.

f.      The professional forces like changing function of the nurse, an increasing trend towards specialization, shortage of specialized nurses, variation in the nature and recency of formal education preparation and the mobility of the nurse population.

g.    Nurse’s with research aptitudes and preparation are heeded.

h.    The demand for specialized nursing service is increasing more rapidly.

i.      It is heeded the horses who wish to help shape their own dusting hues be aware of the for us at work which will affect their future roles.

j.      To provide a variety of continuing hue sing education opportunities of high quality to nurses in both cad service change.

FUNCTIONS

Ø  To meet the health needs and public expectation

Ø  To develop the practicing abilities of the nurse

Ø  Recruitment function

Ø  Recognize gaps in their knowledge

Ø  To list ability to do final academic study

Ø  To improve the communication between the     participants, faculty, community and health sector

Ø  To list the participants ability to do formal academic study

Ø  To shape or support university educational policies and practices

Ø  To ensure the quality of education

Ø  To grant budget for extension studies

Ø  To maintain academic standards

Ø  To meet educational requirements

PHILOSOPHY

          Continuing nursing education is concerned with the development of the nurse as a person, a practitioner and a citizen.

          Philosophy is based on values & social change. The thoughtful teacher recognizes that one’s philosophy of education is always an emerging one, rather than a static one learning must be a continuous prose through out the life span, not limited to formal courses of study.

          Nursing is based on knowledge of the physical and psychological functioning of man within his environment, expanding the dynamic, proliferating fields of operation is of concur.

COURSES AVAILVBLE IN INDIA FOR CONPINUIN EDUCATION

 

 

        I.    Post basic bachelor degree

The programmed in nursing first began in 1963 at kerala university it is now available in number of institutions. The nurse should have several years of experience after completing the basic programme this may be eliminated if basic nursing education satisfies certain condition, the post certificate degree course taken form 2 to 2 ½ years for completion.

          The aim of this course is to give broader, general & professional nurse fit to occupy.  Position of leader in nursing.

 

II) The master of science in nursing

          This degree was first started in India in 1959 at college of nursing at New Delhi.  This is a 2 year course of study and it requires a bachelor degree in nursing and at least 2 years experience as the minimum requirement for entry into the masters course.  This course will prepare the nurse in clinical specialization and advanced study in 6 specific areas.  They are

1.    Medical and surgical nursing

2.    Paediatric Nursing

3.    Obstetric and gynaecological nursing.

4.    Community health nursing

5.    Psychiatric nursing

6.    mnaternal and child health nursing.

 

III. Post Certificate  course

          A number of short post certificate course are available to the nurses who wishes to specialize with in a clinical area or in administration.  Some of these courses are

Ø  Ward management

Ø  Public Health

Ø  Psychiatric nursing

Ø  Midwifery

Ø  Operating room techniques and management

Ø  Administration in nursing education and nursing services

 

IV. Ph.D Degree

          After the completion of M.Sc course Ph.D can be taken.  It is a five year course and after the completion of the course the individual or candidate will be awarded with doctorate degree.


CONCLUSION

 

          The difference between inservice education and continuing education is, inservice education is a planned education and it is provided in the job setting to perform his / her job more effectively.  It enable the staff to either make up deficiencies or develop skills or prepare themselves to take up other responsibilities.  Whereas continuing education is the training and education of an individual who had the basic education which is needed to improve the qualification and results in an academic degree.  It is an extension of opportunities for reading and study.

 


BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

[1]     B.T.Basavanthappa.S.

          Nursing Administration

          Jaypee Brothers, Medical publishers, Page.No.511-522.

 

[2]     K.P.NEERAJA’S

          Nursing Education

          Jaypee Brothers, medical Publishers

          Page No.286-288, 296-298.

 

 

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