NURSING ADMINISTRATION
INTRODUCTION
Co-ordination
is considered as an essential element of administration. Co-ordination is the
bending of all efforts, activities and forces operating within and without the
enterprise. To ensure harmonious and
smooth working of an organization with a number of its division, departments or
units, the activities in all areas are required to be pulled together, verified
and blended so as to give them a commoners and purpose. Co-ordination is an integrating process. Co-ordination is integration, synchronization
or orderly pattern of group efforts in the institution / organization towards
the accomplishment of objectives.
NATURE OF CO-ORDINATION
The
nature of co-ordination can be clarified from the following definitions and
difference between terms co-operation and co-ordination.
Co-ordination
is the orderly synchronization of efforts to provide the proper amount, timing,
and directing of execusion resulting in harmonions and unified actions to a
stated objective.
--Newman
1953
Co-ordination is a
process causing disjunct elements to a concentration on a complex of forces and
influence which cause the mutually independent element to act together.
--White
Co-ordination
includes co-operation plus something else.
It must have time, quality, and direction dimensions.
NEED FOR COORDINATION
Need
for co-ordination arises due to following factors.
DIVERSE
AND SPECIALISED ACTIVITIES
Total
activities of an organization are divided into several units and sub-units on
the basis of either product specialization functional specialization, regional
specilisation or some other specialization.
So there is need for co-ordination to prevent and discourage too much
concentration on one aspect of work to the exclusives of other aspects.
To
exaggerate self importance and personal ego, the empire building motive is
deeply implanted in human nature. This
motive causes the individual department to be isolated from others, thus
turning it as a separate entity. So
there is need for co-ordination to club the growing tendency towards empire
building or greed for power prevalent in the different units of agency.
PERSONAL
RIVALRIES AND PREJUDICE
Human
organization give rise in course of time of the development of personality
politics among members. Under such
situation co-ordination is deliberately sabotaged by the members of rival
groups.
CONFLICTS
OF INTERESTS
There
is need for co-ordination to avoid conflicts or overlapping in the work of
employees or units or an orgnaisation.
Importance of co-ordination
1.
Quintessence
of management: In a sense, management is primarily a task of co-ordination of
all efforts, forces and activities that affect the enterprise from within and
without it.
2.
Creative
force: Group efforts, when co-ordinated, create a result greater than the sum
total of individual and isolated.
3.
Unity
of direction: Co-ordination ensures unity of direction by way of securing
spontaneous collaboration on the part of different departments.
4.
High
Employee morale: Co-ordination tones up the general level of employee morale
and provides job satisfaction.
PRINCIPLES OF CO-ORDINATION
1.
As
the thinking function of management proceed the doing function, co-odination
endeavours must start at the planning stage.
Otherwise it becomes impossible to secure co-ordination of activities
and efforts in the execution of work.
2.
There
is need for importance of direct personal contact in removing misunderstanding
and conflict between department.
3.
Co-ordination
is a continual activity that permeates through each managerial function
4.
There
should be an integration of all efforts action and interests towards common
purpose.
TECHNIQUES
OF CO-ORDINATION
Ø Communication
Ø Orderly plans
Ø Supervision
Ø Leadership
Ø Departmentation
Ø Direct contact
COMMUNICATION
Effective
communication is arranged not only by
building a network of communication systems but by allowing wide
participation also in decision making on the part of the affected persons.
ORDERLY
PLANS
Standing
plans like policies, procedures as well as standing orders and instructions
communicate the expected pattern of behaviour required for co-ordination
action.
SUPERVISION
Effective
supervision aids much in developing coordinated effort by checking, observation
and guidance.
LEADERSHIP
Leadership
provides individual motivation and persuades the group to have identity of interests and outlook in group efforts.
DEPARTMENTATION
Departmentation
arranges for necessary co-relation and interconnection of activities in an
analytical manner.
DIRECT
CONTACT
Direct
contact permits the management members to exchange their ideas, prejudices and
problems as well as to understand each others, view point
TYPES OF
CO-ORDINATION
Co-ordination
Internal Co-ordination External co-ordination
Planning Three
interesting parties
Organizing Customer
Direction Employee
Control Owner
Other
enterprises
Government
Regulation
General
Business economy
Technology
advances
Internal
co-ordination refers to the blending of all efforts and activities and forces
operating within the organization of enterprise.
External
co-ordination refers to the blending of all efforts activities and operating
without the outside the enterprise or organization.
Internal co-ordinaton
Planning
Planning is a well though out course of
action to be taken for relising certain objectives through the available
means. Plans include a programme mapping
out the orderly course of action.
Organisation
Organisation is set up
with the primary purpose of securing co-ordination particularly inter
departmental and inter personal.
Direction:
Direction is concerned
with making the human efforts more effective productive through the exercise of
leadership, guidance, motivation, supervision communication etc.
Control
Control ensures the
realization of planned objectives through the process of work evaluation.
External co-ordination
The external forces
that usually exert a profound influence on the working of any business may be
stated as follows.
Three interested parties
Ø Customer
Ø Employee
Ø Owner
Ø Other enterprises
Ø Government Regulation
Ø General Business
Economy
Ø Technological
advances.
CONCLUSIONS
In a nutshell co-ordination can be
considered as an essential element of administration. The uncertainity of future as to the
behaviour of individual and of people.
The lack of knowledge, experience wisdom and character are other
hindrance to co-ordination. The nature,
need, importance, principles, techniques and types are substantiated in the
presentations.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
B.T.Basawanthappa,
Nursing Administration Jaypee Brothers, medical Publishers (P) ltd,
2.
H.A.Goodard,
Principles of Administration Applied to Nursing Services, CBS Publishers,
3.
B.M.Shankarkar,
Hospital Administration and Planning, jaypee Publishers (P) Ltd.,
Pg.No.104-105.
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