SPORTS ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES
SPORTS ACCIDENTS AND
INJURIES
Introduction
But great importance are the
preventive measures that the nurse can implement with the child and fly. This teaching may take place in a variety of
settings including the school.
Sports injuries:
Sports injuries are a reality in
school children. Older children have
greater number of injuries because of their larger size, greater speed at play
and increased contact with other.
A thorough physical examination is
essential before their participation in sports.
A variety of injuries can occur specific to contact sports. Eg:- Brecieses, sprains, muscle strains,
lacerations, fracture, dislocation and tendonitis.
COMMON ACCIDENTAL
INJURIES IN THE DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Infancy:
Drowning:
Drowning is the cause of approximately
7000-8000 deaths each year in the
Many deaths due to drowning occur also
in older school age children and adolescent.
Most childhood drowning and recreational pools. Excavation sites, rivers, ponds, or buckets
of water, fish tanks and toilet bowels.
A drowning death may be caused by
respiratory obstruction and asphyxia without or with water aspirated while the
person is submerged.
Prevention:
Ø
Never leave the
infant alone in a bathroom. The child
can sleep into the collection of water and drown himself in the bath tubs or a
bucket filled with water.
Ø
Always keep the
door off, bathroom locked unless in uses, as the child finds, water play most
interesting and crawl down himself. The
bucket must be kept upside down.
Ø
Keep infant
away from swimming pools or any other water body like wells and they should be
well fenced.
Burns:
50 – 60% of all major burn injuries
occur in individuals less than 20 years of age and 30% of those injuries
occurring in children less than 10 years.
Thermal injuries are the third cause
of accidental death in the age group between 1 and 4 years 80% of burns
injuries occur with in the home.
The most common cause of burn injury
in the toddler is the scald injury, from moist heat. Scald occur in the home, usually in the
kitchen (or) bathroom. Children from
1-4years of age are at risk at time un attended.
Prevention:
Ø
Keep lighters,
match box, crackers candles cigarette in a safe place not accessible to
toddlers.
Ø
Keep a fire
extinguisher in the house
Ø
Keep all the
hot cooked food well away from the edge of the table.
Ø
Ensure that hot
electrical heating rods stream press are kept in a secure place well away from
the kids.
Ø
Do not light
crackers with big dripping candle.
Ø
Avoid using hot
fluids like coffee, tea, milk, water in the infants vicinity.
Ø
Do not let
kids, silky, shiny, loose, inflammable clothes while lighting the crackers.
Ø
When cooking
always turn the handle of the utensil towards the back of stove never hold baby
while cooking.
Ø
Keep the
matchbox, lighters, blowers, steam press, kerosene, diesel away from the
infants reach.
FALL:
Fall occur common in infants when they
turn from side, creep, crawl and walk.
Due to lack motor co-ordination and lack of sense of space they easily
fall from the height.
Prevention:
Ø
Fit the
mattress at lower level and never let the infant play alone in high cot.
Ø
Use cribs with
long rails.
Ø
Avoid leaving
the large trays in the crib as it can act as stepping stone for the infant to
trip off.
Ø
A soft pillow
on the side alone may not sufficient especially in an older infant when may
fall over it.
Ø
Be slow and
careful while carrying the body.
Ø
Do not keep the
child or infant in high chair unless the child is able to sit without support.
Ø
Do not lift the
infant by his own limb, he may slip.
FOREIGN BODY
ASPIRATION
As the infant grows every thing enjoys
putting small things into openings (or) holes like nose, ear or mouth.
For example [ Toys, buttons, pins,
seeds uninflated balloons] lying in his vicinity are put to mouth. There can be aspirated into airway and cause accidental
in infancy.
Prevention:
Ø
Infants should
not have access to any small things such as beads, stones, nuts or buttons.
Ø
Ensure that
toys do not have small detachable ports that can be swallowed.
Ø
Parents must
ensure that small buttons peanuts, are not used (or) thrown in infants rooms.
Ø
Use large soft
toys with smooth edges.
Ø
Common practice
of giving coins to infants should be discouraged.
Common accidents
in toddlers and preschool children:
After the age of 1 year (one) the
mobility of the children is increased, children like to walk, own, limb up and
down they enjoy moving about always, they are interested in the surrounding.
They open the doors, drawers,
cupboards tins (or) boxes for investigating as they are not aware of the danger
related to their activity they are prone to accidents in many circumstances.
Prevention:
Ø
Toddlers are
ego centric – The negative statement such as “Do not” should never be used to
control their activities.
Ø
They should be
instructed about the expected activities.
Ø
The proper
direction for the activity are recommended.
Ø
Their
activities should be under supervision
Ø
Protective
screen for windows are advisable.
Ø
Hot things, stove,
electrical appliances should be out of their reach.
Accidents in
school age children
Ø
Being more
active and adventures school age children are prone to fall in sports, injuries
like drowning and vehicle accidents.
Prevention
Ø
School age
children should be explained the use of the toys safety rules and protective
behaviour.
Ø
They should be
encouraged to play in safe place such as play grounds gardens, halls (or)
indoor.
Ø
They should be
thought the precautions for using matchbox, fire, sharp instruments, electricity
and open water places in early school age supervisory games may be encouraged.
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