Diabetes Mellitus

 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects the body's ability to regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels. Glucose is an important source of energy for the body, and insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps regulate its levels in the bloodstream. Hormone insulin moves the sugar from the blood into cells to be stored or used for energy; if it starts malfunctioning one may have diabetes. If the treatment for the diabetes is not done properly it can damage nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs.

There are mainly 4 types of diabetes

1. Type 1 diabetes

2. Type 2 diabetes

3. Type 1.5 diabetes

4. Gestational diabetes

Type 1 diabetes: -

It is an autoimmune disease, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin (a hormone that the body needs to get glucose from the bloodstream into the cells) producing cells in the pancreas and the body stops producing insulin. People with Type 1 diabetes need lifelong insulin therapy to manage their blood sugar levels.

Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): -

This is the most common type of diabetes. It occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin and sugar starts building up in blood. Type 2 diabetes is

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primarily caused by genetic factors and lifestyle factors. Lifestyle factors such as being overweight or obese, having a sedentary lifestyle, and consuming an unhealthy diet are significant contributors to the development of type 2 diabetes. So a little bit of workout (physical activity), and a healthy diet will help cope with the disease.

Type 1.5 diabetes: -

It is known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) or “double diabetes”, a form of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes which occurs during adulthood and sets in gradually like type 2 diabetes. Like type 1 in this also immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. However, unlike type 1 diabetes LADA has a slower onset and progression. Initial symptoms are much like type 2 diabetes but patients require insulin therapy to regulate their blood sugar levels effectively.

Gestational diabetes: -

The cause of such a type of diabetes is unclear, but studies have shown that high blood sugar during pregnancy can lead to insulin resistance. Insulin-blocking hormones produced by the placenta cause this type of diabetes. The exact cause of most types of diabetes is unknown. In all cases, sugar builds up in the bloodstream. This is because the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes may be caused by a combination of genetic or environmental factors. Thus molecular modeling studies offer an outlook for the future of diabetes management. By exploring drug candidates investigating compounds and understanding molecular mechanisms molecular modeling can help create personalized and targeted treatments for diabetes that are more effective. These advancements have the potential to enhance glucose control, improve the well-being.