Test for Organic Constituents: (any 3)
Test for Organic Constituents: (any 3)
a) Urea:
Urea is formed in liver as the
end product of protein metabolism and so its excretion depends on protein
intake.
About 20-30 gm urea is excreted
in 24 hours.
i) Sodium Hypobromite Test
To 2ml of urine add a few drops
of *freshly* prepared sodium hypobromite solution
A
brisk effervescence due to the evolution of gaseous nitrogen is observed.
ii) Urease Test:
This test depends on the fact
that the enzyme urease hydrolyses urea into ammonia which makes the solution
alkaline.
To 2ml of urine add few drops of
phenolphthalein indicator and a few drops of a freshly prepared Urease
solution. Wait for 15 minutes, solution becomes pink due to the formation of ammonia,
indicating the presence of urea.
b) Uric Acid
Uric acid is the end product of
purine metobolism. The daily output of uric acid varies in the range of 0.6 to
1 gm.
Alkalies dissolve uric acid in
the form of urates. It is insoluble in water. In gout the uric acid level in bi
blood increased. Uric acid is greatly excreted in urine in conditions like
leukemia, polycythemia – uric acid output decrease in renal failure.
Folin and Dennis Test:
To 2ml of urine add 1ml 10%
sodium carbonate and 1ml of phosphotungstic acid. Development of blue colour
indicates the presence of uric acid.
c) Ethereal Sulphates
Ethereal sulphates in urine are
the conjugated phenols, like phenol sulphuric acid and indican. These ethereal
sulphates result from phenols produced during purification of protein material
in the intestine. This is conjugated in the liver to form ethereal sulphates.
About 100 mg of ethereal sulphates are excreted per day.
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