Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention among the patients admitted in selected hospitals - METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY

 

This chapter deals with the methodology adopted for the study. For any research work the methodology of investigation is of vital importance. Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problems. Research methodology includes steps, procedures and strategies for gathering and analyzing the data in research investigation.

This chapter deals with the description of the methods and different steps used for collecting and organizing data. It includes research design, research approach, setting, and sample, sampling technique, development and description of tool, development of assessment strategies, pilot study, data collection and plan for data analysis.

 RESEARCH APPROCH

In the present study an evaluative research approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention among the patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design selected for study was a one group pre-test post-test quasi experimental design was best suited to find the knowledge of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention.

SETTING OF THE STUDY:

The present study was conducted at selected hospitals Kalaburgi.                      

VARIABLE:

Dependent (Study) refers to  : Knowledge regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention.

Extraneous variable refers to  : Demographic variables viz. age, gender, religion, education, marital status, occupation, family income per month, and source of information regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention.

Independent Variables               :    Planned teaching programme

POPULATION:

The population of the present study consists of patients of admitted at selected  hospitals Kalaburgi.

SAMPLE

The sample of the present study includes patients admitted at selected hospitals Kalaburgi.

SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size of the present study comprises of 50 numbers.

SAMPLING CRITERIA

Inclusion criteria:

1. The patients who are willing to participate in the study.
2. The patients who are available during the period of data collection.
3. The patients who can able to communicate either in Kannada or English.
4. The patients who gave consent to participate in the study.
5. The patients who are in the age group of 18 -50 years

Exclusion criteria:

1. The patients who are not willing to participate in the study.
2. The patients who are absent during the period of data collection.
3. The patients who  had attended the health talk on hospital acquired infections and their prevention.
4. The patients who are in the age group of below 18 years.
5. The patients who are in the age group of above 50 years

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL USED IN THE STUDY

The tool was exclusively constructed by the investigators to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme (STP) to the patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention at selected hospitals in Kalaburgi are as follows:

Section A:  Socio-demographic data of the participant.

Section B:  Structured questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge about hospital acquired infections and their prevention.

The investigator after an extensive review of literature, discussion with experts and the investigator experience the items related to Socio-demographic data, structured Knowledge questionnaire about the about hospital acquired infections and their prevention was developed by the investigator.

Section A:  Socio-demographic data of the participant.

It consists of 08 items for obtaining information about selected base line data such as- age, gender, religion, educational status, marietal status, occupation, monthly income, and source of information about hospital acquired infections and their prevention.

SECTION B: Knowledge questionnaire regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention

The structured knowledge questionnaire includes 30 MCQS (Multiple- choice question).  Each MCQS carries 4 options out of them one correct answers and others are distracters. Scoring key is, ‘one’ was awarded to correct response and ‘zero’ for wrong response.

SCORING PATTERN

Ø  Each correct answer score – 1 mark

Ø  Each wrong answer score -0 mark

Ø  Total maximum score -30 marks

Ø  Minimum score – 0 mark

INFERENCES WILL BE DRAWN AS BELOW:

Ø  Inadequate knowledge level = 0-10 marks

Ø  Moderate knowledge level= 11-20 marks

Ø  Adequate knowledge level= 21-30 marks

                      This tool has been constructed based on the fallowing headings.

1.      General information about nosocomial infections (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

2.       Causes for nosocomial infections (10,11,12,13,14)

3.      Prevention of nosocomial infections (15,16,17,18,19, 20,21,22)

4.      Treatment and management of nosocomial infections (23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30)

VALIDATION OF THE TOOL

 The prepared tool along with objectives of the study, problem statement and blue print were submitted to 09 experts for content validity. Seven were from the field of nursing, and one was from statistics department to obtain content validity in order to obtain content validity. 

RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT  

The reliability of the tool is computed by using split half technique employing spearman Brown’s Prophecy formula. The Karl Pearson Co-efficient correlation was established by using raw scores method and deviation method.  Based on pre-testing and suggestions from experts modification and rearrangements of few items were done and the final tool was constructed. Karl-Pearson’s co-efficient of Correlation was, r = 0.90 and hence the tool was found to be reliable.

PILOT STUDY

The investigator after obtaining formal permission from Medical superindentdent, selected hospitals and Pilot study was conducted among 5 subjects selected by Purposive non-probability sampling technique. The investigator given self introduction and explained the purposes of the study and written consent was obtained from the subjects. The data was collected from sample by using structured tool descriptive and inferential statistic was used for analysis of data.

The findings of the pilot study revealed that the pre-test mean score was 16.4(54.66%) with standard deviation 1.48 and post-test mean score was 24.6(82%) with standard deviation 1.76. Hence the tool was found to be feasible for the main study.

DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME

The planned teaching programme was developed under the guidance of our                guide and also Medical surgical Nursing experts based on literatures and reviews. It consists of,

1. Introduction

2. Definition of nosocomial infections

3. List and explain the types of nosocomial infections

4. List and explain the causes of nosocomial infections

5. Explain the prevention of nosocomial infections

5. Treatment amd management of nosocomial infections

The intervention which includes, the sample of planned teaching Programme with the assistance of power point.

The clients between 18-50 years were selected from selected hospitals, Kalaburgi. The investigator had collected information related socio-demographic data and then pre-test was conducted with self-administered questionnaire. There after the planned teaching was administered for 2 hours after 7 days of interval post-test was conducted for the subjects belong to the same group.

1. Age,
2. Gender,
3. Religion,
4. Educational status,
5. Marietal status,
6. Occupation
7. Monthly income,
8. Source of information about hospital acquired infections and their prevention.      

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

 After the completion of the pilot study, written permission was obtained from, Medical superindentdent, selected hospitals to conduct the research study. The feasibility of conducting the research was ensured. Data collection was started 20/01/2022 to 05/02/2022 and the investigator had taken individual consent from patients to participate in the study. The information pertaining to socio-demographic data was collected. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain knowledge about hospital acquired infections and their prevention.

             Data was collected in a separate room by making the patients to sit. The planned teaching Programme of 2 hours was administered soon after the pre-test to all patients of the study group by using various healthy teaching aids. 

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

1.      Descriptive statistics analysis: includes percentage (%) mean, median, frequency and standard deviation for knowledge of patients about hospital acquired infections and their prevention.

2.      Inferential statistics: Includes paired t test and chi-square test for the assessment knowledge of patients and to associate with socio-demographic variables is planned.