Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention among the patients admitted in selected hospitals - RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

           Analysis is the process of categorizing, ordering, manipulating and summarizing the data to obtain answers to research questions. This chapter deals with the results of data collected from a sample of 50 patients regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention.

                     The chapter deals with the systematic presentation of the analyzed data followed by the interpretation of the data. The collected information was organized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings were organized and presented in two parts with tables and figures. The details of each section are presented below to correlate with the objectives.

Objectives of the study

ü  To assess the pre test knowledge of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention. 

ü  To plan and implement planned teaching programme regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention. 

ü  To assess the post test knowledge of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention. 

ü  To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention.

ü  To associate knowledge of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention with demographic variables.

 

SECTION – I: TABLE -1. Socio-demographic characteristic of sample

Sl.No.	Demographic variables	No.	%
1	Age in years
	a)      15-25 years	10	20.0
	b)      26-35 years	15	30.0
	c)      36-45 years	17	35.0
	d)     Above 45 years	08	15.0
2	Gender
	a)      Male	36	71.7
	b)      Female	14	28.3
3	Religion
	a)      Hindu	32	63.3
	b)      Christian	08	16.7
	c)      Muslim	10	20.0
	d)     Others	0	0.0
4	Educational qualification
	a)      Illiterate	03	6.7
	b)      Primary school	12	23.3
	c)      High school	17	33.3
	d)      PUC	15	30.0
	e)      Degree and above	03	6.7
5	Marietal status
	a)  Married	35	70.0
	b)  Unmarried	15	30.0
	c)  Divorced	0	0.0
6	Occupation
	a) Agriculture	7	13.3
	b) Self-employed	23	46.7
	c)  Privare	20	40.0
	d) Government	10	20.0
7	Monthly Income
	a) Rs.2000/- Rs. 4,000	08	16.7
	b) Rs. 5,000- Rs. 7,000/-	32	65.0
	c) Rs. 8,000- Rs. 10,000/-	7	13.3
	d) Rs. 10,000- and above	3	5.0
8	Source of Information
	a) Hospital	08	16.7
	b) Mass media-T.V, Journals, News paper etc.	17	33.3
	c) Friends and relatives	13	26.7
	d) No Information	12	23.3

Distribution of patients according to age (in years)

 

In the above bar diagram, it shows that majority of patients 35% belong to age group of 36-45 years age group. Then 30% of patients belong to 26-30 years age group. Whereas 20% belongs to 15-25 years age group. Only 15% patients belong to age group of above 45 years .

SECTION – II:

 Objective 1: To assess the knowledge of patients regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention before administering the planned teaching programme.

 

TABLE -2

Classification of patients on pre-test knowledge level regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention

			n=50
Level of knowledge	Score	No  of Respondents
		No	%
Inadequate	< 50%	40	80.00
Moderate	50--75%	10	20.00
Adequate	>75%	0	0.00
Total		50	100

 

The above table-1 and figure-12, shows the pre-test level of knowledge of patients on pre-test knowledge level regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention. In the table it is noticeable that majority of patients 48(80%) had inadequate level of knowledge about nosocomial infection and its prevention, whereas 12(20%) of patients had moderate level of knowledge and none of patients had adequate knowledge regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention  before administration of planned teaching programme.

  

TABLE – 3

Aspect wise pre-test mean knowledge scores of patients regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention

						n=50
Domain	Max statements	Max Score	Range	Mean	SD	Mean%
General information- nosocomial infections	7	7	3--5	3.8	1.2	54.3
Types and causes of nosocomial infections	15	15	5--10	5.5	1.4	36.7
Prevention, treatment, management of nosocomial infections	8	8	2--4	3.8	1.2	47.5
Overall	30	30	9--16	13.1	2.3	43.7

 

 

The above table-2 describes the mean and standard deviation of knowledge score obtained by patients regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention before administration of planned teaching programme. It is noticeable in the table that the patients had obtained significantly low score in each aspect of nosocomial infection and its prevention before administration of planned teaching programme, that is score ranges from 9-16 with overall mean 13.1(43.7%) and standard deviation 2.3.

 

Assessment of knowledge of patients regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention  after administering the planned teaching programme.

TABLE -4

Classification of patients on post-test knowledge level regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention

			n=50
Level of knowledge	Score	No  of Respondents
		No	%
Inadequate	< 50%	0	0.00
Moderate	50--75%	17	33.33
Average	>75%	33	66.67
Total		50	100

 

 The above table-3 and figure-13 shows, the post-test level of knowledge of patients on nosocomial infection and its prevention, in which majority of patients 40(66.67%) had average level of knowledge about nosocomial infection and its prevention  whereas, 20(33.33%) of patients had moderate level of knowledge and none of patients had inadequate knowledge regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention  after administration of planned teaching programme.

 

TABLE – 5

Aspect wise post-test mean knowledge scores of patients regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention

						n=50
Domain	Max statements	Max Score	Range	Mean	SD	Mean%
General information- nosocomial infections	7	7	4--7	5.9	1.1	84.3
Types and causes of nosocomial infections	15	15	8--14	10.6	1.5	70.7
Prevention, treatment, management of nosocomial infections	8	8	3--7	6.3	0.9	78.8
Overall	30	30	11--23	22.8	2.7	76.0

 

 

            The above table-4 and Fig-14 Shows that, the mean and standard deviation of knowledge score obtained by patients regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention  after administration of planned teaching programme. It is noticeable in the table that the patients have obtained significantly high score in each aspect of nosocomial infection and its prevention  after administration of planned teaching programme  that is score ranges from 11-23 with overall mean  22.8(76.0%) and standard deviation 2.7.

 

 

Objective 2: To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme to patients regarding the knowledge about nosocomial infection and its prevention

TABLE-6: Comparision of knowledge of patients regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention  comparing pre-test with post-test

					n=50
Level of knowledge	Score	Pre test		Post test
		No	%	No	%
Inadequate	<50%	40	63.33	0	0.00
Moderate	50--75%	10	36.67	20	33.33
Adequate	>75%	0	0.00	40	66.67
Total	100	50	100	60	100

 

The above table shows the comparison of pre test and post-test knowledge of patients on nosocomial infection and its prevention. The pre-test table depicts that, pre-test level of knowledge of patients on pre-test knowledge level regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention. In the table it is noticeable that majority of patients 48(80%) had inadequate level of knowledge about nosocomial infection and its prevention, whereas 12(20%) of patients had moderate level of knowledge and none of patients had adequate knowledge regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention before administration of planned teaching programme.

The post-test table depicts that, post-test level of knowledge of patients on nosocomial infection and its prevention, in which majority of patients 40(66.67%) had average level of knowledge about nosocomial infection and its prevention, whereas 20(33.33%) of patients had moderate level of knowledge and none of patients had inadequate knowledge regarding nosocomial infection and its prevention after administration of planned teaching programme.

Hence the data reveals the effectiveness of planned teaching programme.

TABLE – 7

To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on nosocomial infection and its prevention

				n=50
Domain	Mean	SD	Mean%	Unpaired 't' test
General information- nosocomial infections	2.1	0.89	30.0	18.2**
Types and causes of nosocomial infections	5.1	1.6	34.0	24.6**
Prevention, treatment, management of nosocomial infections	2.5	1	31.3	27.6**
Overall	9.7	2.2	32.3	34**
**Significant at P<0.01  level, df 59, t  value 2

 

The above table-6 and Fig-14, depicts the mean and standard deviation of knowledge score obtained by patients in each aspect of nosocomial infection and its prevention after the administration of the planned teaching programme with mean of 11.2, S.D of 2.9 and mean% of 37.33. The table shows that care takers had scored more in Signs and symptoms, diagnosis of patients after the administration of planned teaching programme and are significant at p<0.001 level, df 59, (t-2) by unpaired ‘t’ test.

Objective-3: To examine association between the level of knowledge and selected socio demographic variables of patients towards nosocomial infection and its prevention

TABLE – 8: Association between demographic variables and pre-test knowledge level of patients towards nosocomial infection and its prevention

 

											n=50
S.No	Demographic variables	No	%	Knowledge							Chi-square
				≤ Median (31)			> Median (29)
				No	%		No		%
1	Age in years
	a)      15-25 years	10	20.0	6	50		6		50		4
	b)      26-35 years	15	30.0	11	61.1		7		38.9		df 3
	c)      36-45 years	17	35.0	12	57.1		9		42.9		N.S
	d)     Above 45 years	08	15.0	2	22.2		7		77.8
2	Gender
	a)      Male	36	71.7	21	48.8		22		51.2		0.5
	b)      Female	14	28.3	10	58.8		7		41.2		df 1 N.S
3	Religion
	a)      Hindu	32	63.3	24	63.2		14		36.8		5.99
	b)      Christian	08	16.7	4	40.0		6		60.0		df 2
	c)      Muslim	10	20.0	3	25.0		9		75.0		S
	d)     Others	0	0.0	0	0.0		0		0.0
4	Educational qualification
	a)      Illiterate	03	6.7	4	100		0		0.0		11.8
	b)      Primary school	12	23.3	9	64.3		5		35.7		df 3
	c)      High school	17	33.3	12	60.0		8		40.0		S
	d)      PUC	15	30.0	6	33.3		12		66.7
	e)      Degree and above	03	6.7	0	0.0		4		100
5	Marietal status
	a)  Married	35	70.0	26	61.9		16		38.1		5.8
	b)  Unmarried	15	30.0	5	27.8		13		72.2		df 1
	c)  Divorced	0	0.0	0	0.0		0		0.0		S
6	Occupation
	a) Agriculture	7	13.3	5	62.5		3		37.5		8.2
	b) Self-employed	23	46.7	19	67.9		9		32.1		df 2
	c)  Privare	20	40.0	7	29.2		17		70.8		S
	d) Government	10	20.0	5	41.7		7		58.3		0.6
7	Monthly Income
	a) Rs.2000/- Rs. 4,000	08	16.7	6	60.0		4		40.0		4.5
	b) Rs. 5,000- Rs. 7,000/-	32	65.0	22	56.4		17		43.6		df 3
	c) Rs. 8,000- Rs. 10,000/-	7	13.3	3	37.5		5		62.5		N.S
	d) Rs. 10,000- and above	3	5.0	0	0.0		3		100.0
8	Source of Information
	a) Hospital	08	16.7	6	60.0		4		40.0		1.9
	b) Mass media-T.V, Journals, News paper etc.	17	33.3	9	45.0		11		55.0		df  3
	c) Friends and relatives	13	26.7	7	43.8		9		56.3		N.S
	d) No Information	12	23.3	9	64.3		5		35.7
N.S-Not Significant     S- Significant at P<0.05 level

 

                                                                       

Table-7 shows the association of knowledge level of patients towards nosocomial infection and its prevention before administering the planned teaching programme with their selected demographical variables, using Chi –square test. The analysis revealed that there is significant association was found with – religion, educational qualification, marital status and occupation at p < 0.05 and no association could be found with other demographic variables of patients.