Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention among the patients admitted in selected hospitals - ABSTRACT

 

ABSTRACT

 

Background

Hospital-acquired infection, (HAI) is also called a hospital acquired infections. This is an infection that first appears between 48 hours and four days after a patient is admitted to a hospital or other health-care facility. HAI can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These microorganisms may already be present in the patient's body or may come from the environment, contaminated hospital equipment, health care workers, or other patients. Depending on the causal agents involved, an infection may start in any part of the body. A localized infection is limited to a specific part of the body and has local symptoms. A generalized infection enters the bloodstream and causes systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, low blood pressure, or mental confusion. This can lead to sepsis, a serious, rapidly progressive multi-organ infection, that results in death. The most common types of hospital-acquired infections are urinary tract infections (UTIs), ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical wound infections. The University of Michigan Health System reports that the most common sources of infection in their hospital were urinary catheters, central venous (in the vein) catheters, endotrachial tubes and the rhyles tube.¹

Hospital acquired infectionss occur worldwide, both in the developed and developing world. They are a significant burden to patients and public health. They are a major cause of death and increased morbidity in hospitalized patients. They may cause increased functional disability and emotional stress and may lead to conditions that reduce quality of life. Not only do they affect the general health of patients, but they cause a huge burden financially. The greatest contributors to these costs are the increased stays that patients with hospital acquired infectionss require. The increased length of stay varies from 3 days for gynecological procedures to 19.8 days for orthopedic procedures. ²

Statement of the problem

“A pre examined study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention among the patients admitted in selected hospitals at Kalaburgi.”

Objectives of the study

ü      To assess the pre test knowledge of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention. 

ü      To plan and implement planned teaching programme regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention. 

ü      To assess the post test knowledge of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention. 

ü      To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention.

ü      To associate knowledge of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention with demographic variables.

Hypothesis

ü      H₁ :- There will be significant association between pre-test and post-test knowledge of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention with their selected demographic variables.

ü      H₂ :- There will be significant difference in the level of knowledge of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and their prevention before and after planned teaching programme.

Methods

The data was generated by using the structured questionnaire. Purposive non-probability sampling technique were adopted to select 50 subjects. The data was obtained from the study subjects were analyzed and interpreted in terms of the objectives and hypothesis of the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis and the level set at 0.05.

Results

The results of the study shown that pre-test overall knowledge score of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and its prevention was 43.7%, mean and the standard deviation was 2.3. During post-test overall knowledge score of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and its prevention was 76.0% mean and standard deviation was 2.7. Hence the difference between pre-test and post-test overall knowledge score was 32.3%. So the results of the study shown the difference between the pre-test and post-test knowledge score of the patients regarding hospital acquired infections and its prevention was statistically significant and the difference is due to the administration of planned teaching programme to patients regarding hospital acquired infections and its prevention. The analysis revealed that there is significant association was found with – religion, educational qualification, marital status and occupation at p < 0.05 and no association could be found with other demographic variables of patients regarding hospital acquired infections and its prevention.

Interpretation and conclusion

On the basis of the study we can draw the following conclusions, the results of the study shown that pre-test overall knowledge score of patients was 43.7%, mean and the standard deviation was 2.3. During post-test overall knowledge score of patients was 76.0% mean and standard deviation was 2.7. Hence the difference between pre-test and post-test overall knowledge score was 32.3%. So the results of the study shown the difference between the pre-test and post-test knowledge score of the patients was statistically significant and the difference is due to the administration of planned teaching programme to patients. The analysis revealed that there is significant association was found with – religion, educational qualification, marital status and occupation at p < 0.05 and no association could be found with other demographic variables of patients.